Table 1 Potential regulators of IL-22 expression and production in atherosclerosis
From: Interleukin-22: a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis
| Molecules | Type of regulation | Transcription factor | Pathway | Potential role in AS | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-23 | Positive | STAT3, NF-κB | IL-23/IL-23R, PI3K/Akt, IκB-α | Promotes inflammatory responses | Sano et al. 2015; Cho et al. 2006) |
| IL-7 | Positive | RORγt | IL-7/IL-7R | Promotes inflammatory responses | Vonarbourg et al. 2010; Sekimata et al. 2019) |
| AhR | Positive | – | Notch/FICZ | Promotes inflammatory responses and cholesterol accumulation | Qiu et al. 2012; Veldhoen et al. 2008) |
| IL-1β | Positive | AHR | IL-1β/IL-1R1 | Promotes inflammatory responses and VSMC proliferation and migration | Sutton et al. 2009; Hughes et al. 2010) |
| Notch | Positive | AhR, RBP‐J, STAT3 | Notch-Hes1 | Promotes inflammatory responses, endothelial dysfunction, and angiogenesis | Rankin et al. 2013; Mielke et al. 2013; Murano et al. 2014) |
| TGF-β | Negative | c-Maf | TGF-β signaling | Suppresses angiogenesis, VSMC proliferation and migration, inflammation, and cholesterol accumulation | Rutz et al. 2011; Volpe et al. 2009; Penel-Sotirakis et al. 2012) |
| IL-27 | Negative | SOCS1, c-Maf | Jak/STAT signaling | Suppresses inflammatory responses | Wang et al. 2013; Pot et al. 2009) |
| IL-38 | Negative | – | IL-38- IL-36R | Suppresses inflammatory responses | Veerdonk et al. 2012; Tortola et al. 2012) |
| IL-25 | Negative | STAT3 | p38 MAPK/IκBα | Suppresses inflammatory responses | Min et al. 2020) |