Fig. 5

Change of the cultures of Staphylococcus_xylosus and Staphylococcus_lentus on the permeability of intestine. The Staphylococcus_xylosus or Staphylococcus_lentus was cultured with Caco-2 cells. A Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) analysis was applied to assess cell permeability, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc. B The fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD) analysis was applied to measure the paracellular permeability, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc. C Lucifer yellow (LY) was conducted to assess the cell permeability, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc. D Immunofluorescence assay was applied to measure the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of occludin (scale bar = 10 µm), one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc. E Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were applied to quantify the protein and mRNA levels of Claudin-1, Claudin-3, Occludin and JAM-1, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 vs. Blank. Data are presented of three independent assays