Table 2 The role of RCAN1 in various tumors

Breast cancer

Downregulated

Inhibition

RUNX3 resulted in a decreased RCAN 1.4 expression; oxytocin induced nuclear translocation of NFAT to induce expression of RCAN1

RCAN1.4 Inhibited CN-NFAT2 signaling

–

Deng et al. (2020); Behtaji et al. (2021)

Lung cancer

Downregulated

Inhibition

Hypoxia induced the release of specific exosome miR-619-5p and inhibited RCAN1.4

Modulated the level of VEGF-VEGFA; blocking of CN—NFAT signaling and CN-NFAT—angiopoietin-2 signaling axis

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) inhibited SCLC metastasis by upregulating RCAN1

Baek et al. (2009); Kim et al. (2020); Shin et al. (2014); Minami et al. (2013); Ma et al. (2017); Zheng et al. (2019)

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Downregulated

Inhibition

miRNAs (miR-877, miR‐572 and miR-182-5p) negatively regulated RCAN1; aberrant CpG methylation in the 5’ regulatory region of RCAN1.4 induced RCAN1.4 down-regulation

RCAN1.4 inhibited IGF-1 and VEGFA by inhibiting CN—NFAT1 signaling

–

Jin et al. (2017); Song et al. (2019); Shi et al. (2018)

Pancreatic carcinoma

Downregulated

Inhibition

–

RCAN1.4 inhibited IFI27 and VEGFA by inhibiting CN—NFAT1 signaling

–

Lao et al. (2021); Lee et al. (2013)

Colorectal carcinoma

Downregulated

Inhibition (Targeted RCAN1 deletion suppresses tumor growth)

PPARγ positively regulated RCAN1

Inhibited CN-NFAT signaling pathway

As a biomarker to predict recurrence in stages II and III of colon cancer

Ryeom et al. (2008); Espinosa et al. (2009); Sebio et al. (2015); Bush et al. (2007)

Renal carcinoma

Downregulated

Inhibition (Targeted RCAN1 deletion suppresses tumor growth)

–

Regulated VEGF-CN-NFAT signaling

RCAN1.4 reduced sunitinib resistance

Ryeom et al. (2008); Song et al. (2018)

Bladder cancer

Downregulated

–

–

–

The level of RCAN1 expression in urine enabled diagnosis of bladder cancer

Eissa et al. (2019)

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Downregulated

Inhibition

–

Inhibited CN-NFAT signaling pathway to negatively regulate the expression of CXCL8, IL-8, and IL-11

–

Sales et al. (2009); Maldonado-Pérez et al. (2009); Sales et al. (2010)

Epithelial ovarian cancer

–

Not significantly affected

–

–

–

Hata et al. (2009)

Thyroid cancer

Downregulated

Inhibition

Metastin enhanced the expression of RCAN1

Inhibited NFE2L3 and CN-NFAT signaling

–

Wang et al. (2017); Espinosa et al. (2009); Stathatos et al. (2005))

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

Downregulated

Inhibition

miR-103a-3p downregulated RCAN1

–

–

Zhang et al. (2020)

Hypopharyngeal and Laryngopharynx cancer

Upregulated

Promotion

–

Activated VEGF signaling pathway

–

Lv et al. (2017); Lü et al. (2011)

Leukaemia and other hematonosis

–

Inhibition

GC/CR complex induced RCAN1.1

RCAN1.1 inhibited CN activity

RCAN1.1 increased sensitivity to GC and enhanced sensitivity to LEN in MDS/AML

Saenz et al. (2015); Hirakawa et al. (2009); Nagao et al. (2012); Shen et al. 2004)

Lymphoma and Glioma

–

Inhibition

–

Inhibited NF-κB

Liu et al. (2015b); Chen et al. (2017)