Fig. 1

M1 macrophages inhibited the maturation of osteocytes. A(i) Representative SEM images of osteocytes cultured with macrophage-derived conditioned medium (a, c, e, g: low magnification at ×500 and scale bars represented 20 μm; b, d, f, h: high magnification at ×5000 and scale bars represented 10 μm); A(ii) The box plot and bar graphs showed the morphology changes of osteocytes after 14 days simulation with macrophage-derived conditioned medium, 20 randomly selected areas from each sample were analyzed, and data shown as the mean ± SD (*p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA); B(i) fluorescence images of macrophage-derived conditioned medium-treated osteocytes (scale bars represented 40 μm); B(ii) the intensity of DMP-GFP was measured using ImageJ software; C gene expression of osteocyte markers after 14 days simulation with macrophage-derived conditioned medium, and data from three independent experiments performed under the same condition were shown as mean ± SD (*p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA)