Fig. 8

PNU decreased the ratio of M1 macrophages in colon tissues of mice and RAW264.7 cells. The M1/M2 ratio of macrophages was detected by immunofluorescence and qPCR. A Immunostaining assays were performed to detect the ratio of M1/M2 in colon tissues. Scale bar, 100 μm. B Immunofluorescence staining of the M1/M2 quantitative relative ratio. C RT–qPCR was used to determine the mRNA abundance of TNFα, IL6, IL1β, Ccl2, Cd11c, IL10, Retnla, Arg1, Mrc1 and Ym1 in RAW264.7 cells. The mRNA expression levels of the cytokines in the mice that received various treatments were normalized to the levels in control mice, which were set as 1. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001