Fig. 1

Spermidine supplementation prior to AKI prevents renal damages and inflammatory. A Schematic overview of spermidine treatment to C57/BL6 mice. Spermidine (SPD) was administered into drinking water (3 mM) for 1 week before sepsis induction. Mice were subjected to LPS intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, mice were sacrificed for blood and kidney samples. Levels of B serum creatinine (Cr) and C blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected. n = 4–5 mice per group. Renal mRNA levels of D KIM-1, E NGAL were analyzed by qPCR. F Representative images of HE staining are exhibited, and tubular injury scores were calculated. Scale bar, 1 mm; inset scale bar, 100 μm. G Representative photographs of TUNEL staining. Quantitative analysis of TUNEL-positive cells was performed. Scale bar, 20 μm. H Immunohistochemical staining of CD4 and CD8 in kidney tissue. Scale bar, 100 μm. Renal mRNA levels of I IL-1β, J IL-6, K TNF-α, L MCP-1, and M ICAM-1 were analyzed by qPCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Sidak test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001