Fig. 2

Spermidine administration following LPS injection attenuates kidney impairments and inflammation. A Mice were subjected to LPS intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Spermidine (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily 30 min after sepsis induction. Mice were sacrificed for blood and kidney samples at indicated time points. Levels of B serum creatinine (Cr) and C blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected. *P < 0.05 LPS + Vehicle vs LPS + SPD. Control, n = 4 per time point; other groups, n = 5 per time point. Renal mRNA levels of D KIM-1 and E NGAL on day 1 were analyzed by qPCR. F Representative images of HE staining on day 1 are exhibited, and tubular injury scores were calculated. Scale bar, 1 mm; inset scale bar, 100 μm. n = 3. G Representative photographs of TUNEL staining on day 1. Quantitative analysis of TUNEL-positive cells was performed. Scale bar, 20 μm. H Immunohistochemical staining of CD4 and CD8 in kidney tissue. Scale bar, 100 μm. Renal mRNA levels of I IL-1β, J IL-6, K TNF-α, L MCP-1, and M ICAM-1 on day 1 were analyzed by qPCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Sidak test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001