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Fig. 5 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 5

From: Chronotherapeutic neuroprotective effect of verapamil against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in mice through modulation of calcium-dependent genes

Fig. 5

Effect of VRP on inflammatory cytokines. a TNF-α, b IL-6, and c IL-1β. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Values were considered significantly different at P < 0.05. a: significant versus normal control, b: significant versus LPS only, and c: significant versus morning VRP. LPS: lipopolysaccharides, VRP: verapamil, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6: interleukin 6, IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta

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Molecular Medicine

ISSN: 1528-3658