The emerging role of pyroptosis-related inflammasome pathway in atherosclerosis

Xu, Xiao-Dan; Chen, Jia-Xian; Zhu, Lin; Xu, Shu-Ting; Jiang, Jian; Ren, Kun

doi:10.1186/s10020-022-00594-2

Molecular Medicine

Table 1 Factors that regulate pyroptosis of plaque cells in atherogenesis and the underlying mechanisms

From: The emerging role of pyroptosis-related inflammasome pathway in atherosclerosis

Factors	Cell type	Py	Mechanisms/pathways	AS	Refs.
Ox-LDL	VEC	↑	ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-1β↑	↑?	Yin et al. (2015)
	MΦ	↑	CD36/ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD↑	↑?	Lin et al. (2013)
	MΦ	↑	IRF-1/ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD↑	↑?	Guo et al. (2019)
	MΦ	↑	NIX/mitophagy/ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1	↑?	Peng et al. (2020)
	MΦ	↑	Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1/ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1	↑?	Qiu et al. (2022)
	MΦ	↑	p62/Nrf2/HO-1/caspase-1/GSDMD	↑?	Liu et al. (2021a)
	MΦ	↑	BRCC36/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD	↑?	Singh et al. (2019)
	MΦ	↑	NF-κB/ABCA1/NLRP3/GSDMD	↑?	Li et al. (2022)
	MΦ	↑	caspase-11/GSDMD/IL-1β↑	↑	Jiang et al. (2021)
	VSMC	↑	NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-1β↑	↑	Puylaert et al. (2022)
	VSMC	↑	NF-κB/AIM2/caspase-1/GSDMD↑	↑	Pan et al. (2018)
SAL	VEC	↓	NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-1β↓	↓	Xing et al. (2020)
Nicotine	VEC	↑	ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-1β↑	↑	Wu et al. (2018)
	MΦ	↑	HDAC6/NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD	↑	Xu et al. (2021b)
TMAO	VEC	↑	SDHB/ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD↑	↑	Wu et al. (2020)
Melatonin	VEC	↓	Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1/ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1	↓	Zhao et al. (2021)
	VEC	↓	MEG3/miR-223/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD	↓	Zhang, et al. (2018)
	VEC	↓	TET2/UQCRC1/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β	↓?	Zeng et al. (2021a)
	VEC	↓	RORα/miR-223/STAT3/caspase-1/GSDMD	↓?	Yi and Yang (2021)
FGF21	VEC	↓	ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-1β↓	↓	Zeng et al. (2020)
Cadmium	VEC	↑	ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-1β↑	↑?	Oliveira et al. (2019; Chen et al. 2016)
Hcy	VEC	↑	ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β↑	↓?	Ma et al. (2022), Xi et al. 2016)
LSS	VEC	↑	miR-181-5p/STAT3/NLRP3/caspase-1	↑?	Zhang et al. (2020), Xu et al. 2021a)
	VEC	↑	TET2/SDHB/ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1	↑?	Zhang et al. (2020), Chen et al. (2021)
Acrolein	VEC	↑	ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD↑	↑?	Srivastava et al. (2011), Jiang et al. (2018)
Estrogen	VEC	↓	ERα/autophagy/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD	↓	Meng et al. (2021)
BDNF	VEC	↓	KLF2/HK1/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β	↓?	Bi et al. (2020), Jin et al. (2021)
miR-30c-5p	VEC	↓	FOXO3/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β↓	↓?	Vilahur (2017), Li et al. (2018)
Colchicine	VEC	↓	AMPK/SIRT1/ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1	↓?	Li et al. (2021b), Yang et al. (2020)
HDAC11	VEC	↓	ERG/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD	↓?	Yao et al. (2022)
	VEC	↓	ERG/caspase-3/GSDME	↓?	Yao et al. (2022)
Sal B	EPC	↓	AMPK/FOXO4/KLF2/NLRP3/caspase-1 Syndecan-4/Rac1/ATF2/NLRP3/caspase-1	↓?	Tang et al. (2022)
Sal B	EPC	↓		↓?	Tang et al. (2022)
ApoM-S1P	VEC	↓	S1PR2/PI3K/AKT/NLRP3/caspase-1	↓?	Liu and Tie (2019)
Oxymatrine	VEC	↓	SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/NLRP3//caspase-1	↓?	Jin, et al. (2021)
CC	MΦ	↑	cathepsin/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD↑	↑?	Duewell et al. (2010), Rajamäki et al. (2010)
BMSC-MV	MΦ	↑	miR-223/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD	↑	Lin et al. (2021)
PM_2.5	MΦ	↑	NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-1β↑	↑	Du et al. (2018)
Pg	MΦ	↑	CD36/TLR2/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β↑	↑	Brown et al. (2015)
	VSMC	↑	PPP1CC/HMGB1/TLR9/AIM2/caspase-1	↑?	Liu et al. (2021b)
Sinapic acid	MΦ	↓	MALAT1/miR-23c/ELAVL1/NLRP3	↓?	Han et al. (2018)
dsDNA	MΦ	↑	AIM2/caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-1β↑	↑	Paulin et al. (2018)
Adiponectin	VSMC	↓	miR-133a/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-β	↓?	Duan et al. (2020)

Py: pyroptosis; VEC: vascular endothelial cell; MΦ: macrophage; VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell; AS: atherosclerosis; ROS: reactive oxygen species; NLRP3: nucleotide‐binding domain, leucine-rich containing family, pyrin domain‐containing 3; CD36: cluster of differentiation 36; IRF-1: interferon regulatory factor 1; NIX: NIP3-like protein X; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2; HO-1: heme oxygenase‑1; NQO-1: NADPH quinone oxido‑reductase‑1; AIM2: absent in melanoma 2; SAL: salidroside; HDAC: histone deacetylase; TMAO: trimethylamine N‐oxide; SDHB: succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B; MEG3: maternally expressed 3; TET2: ten-eleven translocation 2; UQCRC1: ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1; RORα: retinoid-related orphan receptor α; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; FGF21: fibroblast growth factor 21; Hcy: homocysteine; LSS: low shear stress; Erα: estrogen receptor α; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; KLF2: kruppel-like family of transcription factor 2; HK1: hexokinase 1; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; SIRT1: sirtuin1; ERG: erythroblast transformation specific-related gene; GSDME: gasdermin E; Sal B: salvianolic acid B; EPC: endothelial progenitor cell; ATF2: activating transcription factor-2; apoM-S1P: apolipoprotein M and sphingosine-1-phosphate complex; S1PR2: S1P receptor 2; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; AKT: protein kinase B; CC: cholesterol crystal; BMSC-MV: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell macrovesicle; Pg: Porphyromonas gingivalis; TLR2: Toll-like receptor 2; PPP1CC: protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; ELAVL1: embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 1; dsDNA: double‐stranded DNA. ↓: suppress; ↑: promote; ?: probably (not verified)

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