Fig. 4

CDH11 and SOX9 protein expression were decreased in calcified human aortic valves (HAVs). A Immunohistochemical staining against the antibody of Cadherin-11 (CDH11) (ab147215) on calcified human aortic valves and age-matched normal human aortic valves (Positive staining indicated by red arrows). Negative control staining without the secondary antibody. B Semi-quantification of area fraction of CDH11 staining on human aortic valves. ***P < 0.001 vs Normal. C, D Western blot analysis of CDH11 protein expression in human aortic valves normalized with β-actin. E, F Western blot analysis of SOX9 protein expression in human aortic valves normalized with β-actin. In A, scale bar = 500 μm for the upper panel and 200 μm for the lower panel. Data = means ± SEM. **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001 vs Normal. n = 3