Paediatric sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE): a comprehensive review

Dumbuya, John Sieh; Li, Siqi; Liang, Lili; Zeng, Qiyi

doi:10.1186/s10020-023-00621-w

Molecular Medicine

Table 1 Epidemiology of paediatric SAE

From: Paediatric sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE): a comprehensive review

Auther, year	Country	Design	Settings	Sample size	Age	Incidence/prevalence	Mortality	Outcome
Sanz D	UK	Retrospective descriptive study	Tertiary PICU	193	≤ 10 yrs	Incidence 10.3%	28%	Length of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in ICU days were increased; ischaemia and cerebritis were most common brain lesions on MRI
2018		Retrospective descriptive study
Jenster M	USA	Prospective cohort study	Intensive care Nursery of the University of California	258 (29)^a	Neonates	Prevalence 11%	58%	Abnormal cognitive outcome; Watershed injury; Maternal chorioamnionitis have lesser moderate-severe brain injury
2014	San Francisco	Prospective cohort study	Intensive care Nursery of the University of California
Algebaly A	Egypt	Prospective study	Cairo University Hospital	75	≤ 30 months	N/A	53.30%	High PRISM III score in SAE patients; High PI and RI values in SAE patients; High cerebrovascular resistance; High frequency of vasopressor use and mechanical ventilation
2020		Prospective study	Cairo University Hospital
Becker AE	USA	Retrospective cohort study	Tertiary PICU	140	≤ 18 yrs	Prevalence 21%	7%	White matter signal abnormalities on MRI; New neurological disability at PICU discharge; longer PICU length of stay
2021	Pennsylvania	Retrospective cohort study
Sandquist MR	USA	Retrospective chart review	CCHMC	800 (389)^b	≤ 12 yrs	N/A	N/A	Volume loss; Numberous, large, bilateral MRI signal and/or CT attenuation abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and white matter; High PRISM III and presence of oncologic diagnosis/organ transplantation were independently associated with abnormal neuroimaging study
2017	Ohio
Kaur J	India	Prospective study	Tertiary PICU	50	≤ 18 yrs	N/A	N/A	Delayed neurodevelopment; low verbal IQ; Decline in school performance; Low intelligence at short-term follow-up; Poor behavioural outcomes
2016		Prospective study
Punchak M	Mozambique	Retrospective, observational	Tertiary adademic PICU	987 (182)^c	≤ 15 yrs	Prevalence 18%	58%	Increased noninfectious CNS pathologies, neoplastic diseases
2018		Retrospective, observational	Tertiary adademic PICU

SAE Sepsis-associated encephalopathy, CNS Central nervous system, CT Computerised topography, IQ Intelligence quotient, ICU Intensive care unit, CCHMC Cincinnati children's hospital medical center, PICU Paediatric intensive care unit, PRISM III Paediatric risk of mortality assessment III, N/A Not applicable, PI Pulsatility index, RI Resistivity index, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
^aOf the 258 patients included in the study, 29 patients were diagnosed with sepsis
^bOf the 800 patients diagnosed with sepsis/septic shock,, 389 patients had abnormal neuroimaging
^cOf the 987 patients included in the study, 182 patients were diagnosed with sepsis

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ISSN: 1528-3658

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