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Table 1 Changes in serological markers and cortical bone indicators in KuA-treatment osteoporotic mice

From: Identification of kukoamine a as an anti-osteoporosis drug target using network pharmacology and experiment verification

Characteristics

Groups

Control

OVX

KuA5

KuA10

KuA20

Bone turnover biomarkers

OCN (ng/ml)

3.22 ± 0.25*^&

1.16 ± 0.15

1.65 ± 0.21**#

2.36 ± 0.24**#^

3.62 ± 0.28**^&

TRAP (ng/ml)

10.62 ± 0.698*

12.64 ± 1.59

11.96 ± 1.85#

10.12 ± 2.61*

10.06 ± 1.82*

CTX-II (ng/ml)

0.081 ± 0.001*

0.086 ± 0.002

0.085 ± 0.003

0.084 ± 0.001

0.084 ± 0.002*

ALP (ng/ml)

1.26 ± 0.26*^&

0.88 ± 0.14

0.95 ± 0.08#

0.99 ± 0.21#

1.11 ± 0.19*^

PINP (ng/ml)

0.86 ± 0.11*

0.61 ± 0.09

0.67 ± 0.03#

0.72 ± 0.12

0.78 ± 0.15^

Cortical bone indicators

Ct.Th (mm)

0.14 ± 0.06*

0.11 ± 0.03

0.12 ± 0.05#

0.12 ± 0.04#

0.13 ± 0.02*

Tt.Ar (mm2)

1.35 ± 0.36*

1.62 ± 0.15

1.58 ± 0.23

1.54 ± 0.13

1.42 ± 0.42*^

Ct.Ar (mm2)

0.68 ± 0.03

0.72 ± 0.08

0.69 ± 0.04

0.69 ± 0.07

0.68 ± 0.05

Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar (%)

62.88 ± 11.62*

42.69 ± 12.95

51.67 ± 12.86#

58.61 ± 14.62*

62.59 ± 21.61*^&

  1. #compare with the control group. * compare with OVX group. ^ compare with KA5 group. & compare with KA10 group.Tt.Ar, the total cross‐sectional area inside the periosteal envelope; Ct.Ar, cortical bone area; Ct.Th, average cortical thickness; Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar, cortical area fraction; KuA5, OVX + 5 mg/kg/day of KuA; KuA10, OVX + 10 mg/kg/day of KuA; KuA20, OVX + 20 mg/kg/day of KuA; OCN, osteocalcin; ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase; TRAP: Triiodothyronine Receptor Auxiliary Protein; CTX-II: Collagen Type II Alpha 1 Chain; PINP: Procollagen I N-Terminal Propeptide; Tt.Ar: total cross‐sectional area inside the periosteal envelope; Ct.Ar: cortical bone area; Ma.Ar: bone marrow area; Ct.Th: average cortical thickness; Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar:cortical area fraction