Table 1 The target substrates of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases in the autophagic process in cancer cells
E3 ligase | Expression level | Cancer types | Molecular target | Autophagy Step | Effect on cancer cells |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NEDD4-1 | High | Prostate, HCC, Lung, Neuroblastoma | mTORC1 (−) | Initiation (+) | Protective |
VPS34 (+) Beclin-1 (+) | Phagophore nucleation (+) | Protective | |||
LC3-I (+) SQSTM1 (+) | Phagophore elongation (+) Substrate selection (+) | Protective | |||
Low | Melanoma | IGPR-1 (−) | Initiation (−) | Inhibitive | |
NEDD4L | Low | Multiple myeloma | mTORC1 (−) LC3-I (−) | Activating autophagy (autophagy step was not defined) | - Inhibitive - Involving in drug response |
Low | Pancreas | ULK1 (−) ASCT2 (−) | Phagophore nucleation (−) | Inhibitive | |
SMURF1 | Not defined | HCC | UVRAG | Phagophore nucleation ( +) | Inhibitive |
WWP1 | High | AML | Not defined | Autophagosome formation (−) | Protective |
Low | Melanoma | KLF5 (−) BAP1 (−) | Initiation (+) | Inhibitive | |
WWP2 | Not defined | Not defined | NDP52 (+) OPTN (+) SQSTM1 (+) | Selection (+) | Not defined |