Fig. 5

The inhibitory effect of C3G on HK-2 cell ferroptosis was dependent on AMPK activation. A The efficiency of activation of AMPK via C3G was analyzed by Western blot. (n = 3); B Cell viability determined by CCK-8 cell viability assay. (n = 6). The cells were exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) incubated with C3G, CC or both; C–F The content of iron, MDA, GSH and SOD were determined in HK-2 cells of different groups. (n = 6); G Western blot results of AMPK, GPX4 and ACSL4 in HK-2 cells with or without CC. (n = 3); H Representative terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling- (TUNEL-) stained sections of different groups in kidney. Scale bars = 20 μm. (n = 6). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001. C3G cyanidin-3-glucoside, HK-2 human proximal tubule epithelial cells, AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase, CCK-8 cell counting kit-8, CC Compound C, MDA malondialdehyde, GSH glutathione, SOD superoxide dismutase, GPX4 glutathione peroxidase 4, ACSL4 acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4