Fig. 1

Sexually dimorphic pregnancy complications after prenatal maternal LPS administration

At GD17.5, embryos (n = 70/group) and placentas (n = 70/group) treated with PBS or LPS (100, 200, and 400 µg/kg) for 48 h were harvested and analyzed for growth restriction. Embryo weight (A) and length (B) and placenta weight (C) and length (D) were measured for female and male. (E) Placental efficiency was calculated by dividing the fetal weight by the placental weight. All data were obtained from six dams per group. Differences are represented as the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with PBS female or male group using the two-way anova