Fig. 12
From: Nicotine exacerbates diabetic nephropathy through upregulation of Grem1 expression
Knocking down Gram1 partially attenuated nicotine and high glucose-induced podocyte injury. A Western blot was performed to investigate the expression of Grem1, nephrin, and cleaved caspase 3 in podocytes co-treated with nicotine and high glucose. B Knocking down Grem1, a Western blot was performed to investigate the expression of Grem1, nephrin, and cleaved caspase 3 in podocytes co-treated with nicotine and high glucose. The acquired images were used for data quantification, and the expression of Grem1 was normalized to β-actin. Results (mean ± SD) are representative of three independent samples. *(P < 0.05) in comparison with control (5 mM glucose, 0 μM nicotine) and #(P < 0.05) in comparison with nicotine treatment (5 mM glucose, 10 μM nicotine). Note: C-caspase3, cleaved caspase3