Fig. 9
From: Nicotine exacerbates diabetic nephropathy through upregulation of Grem1 expression
Grem1 expression in the kidney cortex of mice. A Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the Grem1 expression in the kidneys of Con, Nic, DM, and Nic + DM mice. A negative control without a primary antibody was used to show the image background. The scale bar is 50 μm. B The average fluorescence intensity was measured per region of interest (ROI) for Grem1, and the results (mean ± SD) represent 10 randomly and blindly selected regions. * (p < 0.05) compared with the Con group, and # (p < 0.05) compared with the DM group. Note: C, control; N, nicotine; D, diabetes mellitus; N + D, nicotine + diabetes mellitus