Fig. 1

Increased airway inflammation in a female obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation mouse model. a Comparison of body weight changes between lean and obese female mice. b Flow chart for the generation of the neutrophilic airway inflammation mouse model. c Comparison of serum leptin levels between female mice. d Representative H&E-stained histological lung sections and a bar graph showing the inflammation scores. Scale bar = 50 μm. e Representative PAS-stained histological lung sections and a bar graph showing the PAS scores. Scale bar = 20 μm. f Neutrophil, eosinophil, macrophage, and lymphocyte percentages in BALF were measured by flow cytometry. g Western blot analysis of obR-b phosphorylation in lung tissues. The displayed protein expression value is the ratio of phosphorylated protein to total protein. h Levels of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A) in lung homogenate. The data are expressed as the means ± SDs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. i.t., intratracheal; i.p., intraperitoneal. For a-e, n = 6 female mice per group; for g, n = 3 female mice per group; for h, n = 4–6 female mice per group