Fig. 1
From: The emerging roles of SUMOylation in pulmonary diseases
The SUMO pathway
1) The precursor SUMO is converted to mature SUMO through the cleavage of amino acid by SENPs
2) and 3) SUMO E1 activating enzyme (SAE1/2) activates SUMO and transfers it to the E2 conjugation enzyme Ubc9
4) and 5) SUMO was transferred to the target proteins directly by UBC9 or with the assistance of an E3 ligase enzyme (PIAS, RanBP2, CBX4, ZNF451, RSUME and TRIM)
6) SENPs deconjugate SUMO from the target proteins