Fig. 6

L-BAIBA promotes Nrf-2 nuclear translocation by activating the AMPK signaling pathway

(A): Role of AMPK in the regulatory effects of L-BAIBA on the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 in A549 cells. A549 cells were treated with L-BAIBA in the presence of AMPK inhibitor compound C (10 µM), ERK inhibitor PD98059 (10 µM), Jun inhibitor SP600125 (20 µM) or PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (25 µM) (n = 4). (B): The activating effect of L-BAIBA on AMPK signaling pathway was studied in A549 cells subjected to A/R (n = 4). (C and D): The protective effect of L-BAIBA on A/R injury in A549 cells could be eliminated by compound C, as determined by measuring CCK8 activity and LDH release (n = 8). (E): The regulatory effect of L-BAIBA on Nrf-2 nuclear translocation in A549 cells is shown by immunofluorescence staining. (F): The levels of ROS in A549 cells were detected by DHE staining; the average fluorescence intensities are shown (n = 4). The values are presented as mean ± SD (*P < 0.05 vs. Control or Sham, #P < 0.05 vs. BAIBA only, &P < 0.05 vs. A/R only, $P < 0.05 vs. L-BAIBA + A/R). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality test. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and post hoc analysis was performed by using LSD (A) or Tamhane test (B, C, D, and F)