Fig. 7

Inhibiting the AMPK signaling pathway eliminates the protective effects of L-BAIBA on lung I/R injury

(A): H&E staining shows the pathological changes in the lung injured by I/R (n = 12, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality test and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis). (B): Wet/dry weight ratio in lungs (n = 5). (C and D): The arterial blood PaO₂(C) and PaCO₂(D) were measured to evaluate pulmonary oxygenation during IR injury (n = 5). (E): The concentrations of IL-6 in serum were measured by ELISA (n = 5). (F): The production of ROS in lungs was measured by DHE fluorescence intensity, analyzed by Image J (n = 5). (G): MDA concentration in the lungs was measured (n = 5). (H): The SOD activity in the lungs was measured (n = 5). (I): The ratio of GSH to GSSG was calculated (n = 5). (J): The protein level of Nrf-2 in the nuclear extracts from mice was analyzed by western blot (n = 5). The values are presented as mean ± SD (*P < 0.05 vs. Sham, #P < 0.05 vs. I/R only, &P < 0.05 vs. L-BAIBA + I/R). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality test. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and post hoc analysis was performed by using Tamhane test (F, G, and J) or LSD (B, C, D, E, H, and I)