Fig. 1

Intercellular signal exchange between exosomes and receptor cells. Exosomes begin as multivesicular vesicles (MVB), which invaginate the cytoplasmic membrane and then develop into early endosomes. The endosomes then bud inwards to form multivesicular bodies, which is to migrate to the cell surface and fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing the exosomes outside the cell in a cytosolic vomit. Exosomes release cargo molecules into recipient cells for cell-mediated delivery primarily through paracrine secretion, exosome fusion, and phagocytosis