Fig. 5
From: Research progress on multiple cell death pathways of podocytes in diabetic kidney disease
Pyroptosis-related pathway. Bacteria and viruses stimulate LPS, which in turn activates caspase-4/5/11, resulting in the formation of GSDMD, which is then involved in pyroptosis. In addition, harmful substances can also stimulate the formation of inflammasome and NLRP3, and subsequently activate caspase-1 to lead to the formation of GSDMD, thus triggering pyroptosis. In addition to the regulation of caspase-1, caspase-4/5/11 and GSDMD, pyroptosis is also regulated by several inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and IL-18