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Fig. 1 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 1

From: The potential mechanism of gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in progression of diabetic kidney disease

Fig. 1

The interaction between metabolites produced by gut bacteria and mitochondria in chronic disease, as shown in this figure. With the imbalance of intestinal flora, the intestinal tract undergoes a number of structural and functional changes including leaky gut syndrome, increased intestinal permeability, dysfunction of intestinal barrier. Various microbial metabolites are released into the bloodstream. Many microbial metabolites were found to cause human diseases by affecting normal mitochondrial function. SCFAs short-chain fatty acids, TMAO trimethylamine N-oxide, IS indoxyl sulfate, PS phenyl sulfate, AD Alzheimer’s disease, MS multiple sclerosis, PD Parkinson’s disease, CVD cardiovascular diseases, DKD diabetic kidney disease

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Molecular Medicine

ISSN: 1528-3658