Fig. 1

Effects of Stx17 on cognitive and spatial learning after Meth exposure in mice. (A) Schematic representations of experimental protocols. Bilateral AAV injection sites in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions. (B) Representative images of immunochemical staining in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions after control AAV and Stx17-AAV injection. (C) Twenty-eight days after control AAV and Stx17-AAV injection and Meth exposure, Stx17 levels in the hippocampus of mice were determined by Western blot analysis. (D) Hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG stained with anti-Stxin17 antibody (red) and DAPI (blue), scale bar = 50 μm. (E) Statistical graph of stx17 mRNA level by PCR after control AAV and Stx17-AAV injection. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^****p < 0.0001 compared with the control group. (F) After Meth exposure and Stx17-AAV injection, escape latency was measured as the mean time during training days in the Morris water maze (MWM). (G) Time spent in the target quadrant in the navigation test. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 7). ^**p < 0.01 compared with the control. (H) The number of platform crossings in the probe test. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 7). ^*p < 0.05 compared with the control group; ^#p < 0.05 compared to the Meth group. (I) Representative swim paths during the probe trial. (J) Representative tracks during the novel object recognition test (NOR). (K) The discrimination index (DI) of mice in the novel object recognition test (NOR) was calculated for each experimental group. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 7). ^##p < 0.01 compared to the Meth group. (L) Total distance moved by mice in the novel object recognition test (NOR). Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 7)