Fig. 3

ALDH2 protected H9C2 cells from LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation. A Mitochondrial membrane permeability was assessed by staining H9C2 cells from different groups with JC-1 dye, followed by evaluation using confocal microscopy. B Ratio of aggregates/monomers (vs. Control). C ROS levels were evaluated by staining H9C2 cells with DCFH-DA dye, followed by assessment using confocal microscopy. D Relative fluorescence intensity of intracellular ROS. E, F Apoptosis rates of H9C2 cells from different groups were measured and quantitatively analyzed using flow cytometry (n = 3). G–I The expression levels of BAX/BCL-2/cleaved caspase-3 proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis after Alda-1 pretreatment and LPS stimulation in H9C2 cells (n = 4). J–L The expression levels of BAX/BCL-2/cleaved caspase-3 proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis after Alda-1 pretreatment and LPS stimulation in H9C2 cells (n = 3). M–O The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA after Alda-1 pretreatment and LPS stimulation in H9C2 cells (n = 3). P–R The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA after daidzin pretreatment and LPS stimulation in H9C2 cells (n = 3)