Fig. 1
From: Diabetes-induced male infertility: potential mechanisms and treatment options
Diabetic comorbidities: Complex pathophysiological changes. AGEs: advanced glycation end products; NEFA: nonestesterified fatty acid; UPR: unfolded protein response; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; HG: high glucose; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; PKC: Protein kinase C; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; CAT: catalase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GSH: glutathione