Fig. 4

Porous Se@SiO₂ nanospheres decrease HG-induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation in HRMECs via GPX4. A Expression levels of GPX4 in HRMECs transfected with control or GPX4 siRNA was measured using western blotting; β‐actin was used as a loading control (left panel). Band densities were assessed using the ImageJ software, and GPX4 expression levels are represented as their ratios to β‐actin (right panel) (n = 3). Levels of MDA (B), GSH (C), and GSSG (D), and the ratio of GSH to GSSG (E) in HRMEC homogenates (n = 6). Protein expression levels of TNF-α (F), IFN-γ (G), and IL-1β (H) in HRMEC homogenates (n = 6). Relative mRNA expression levels of TNF-α (I), IFN-γ (J), and IL-1β (K) in retinal homogenates (n = 6). Data are represented as the mean ± SD. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant