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Fig. 2 | Molecular Medicine

Fig. 2

From: M1 cholinergic signaling in the brain modulates cytokine levels and splenic cell sub-phenotypes following cecal ligation and puncture

Fig. 2

Effects of CLP and CLP + xanomeline treatment on activity in the hippocampus. C57Bl6 mice, euthanized 48 h. post CLP. A Representative immunostained coronal sections. Scanned and imaged on Zeiss LSM 880 at 40 × magnification. Red stain (fluorescence from Alexa 594, indicated by yellow arrows)—c-Fos expressing cells. Blue stain (DAPI)—cell nuclei. B Quantification of active hippocampal cells. Immunofluorescent activity of c-Fos (Alexa 594) determined in 6–7 non-contiguous 40x-powered fields per slide, 1–2 slides/animal. Mean value for each animal indicated by closed circle (T0/baseline), closed square (48 h. post CLP) or closed diamond (xanomeline treatment of mice studied 48 Hrs. post-CLP). N = 3–4 mice for each set of measurements. Long horizontal line—mean of measurements in all 3–4 animals; lighter lines—± standard deviation. Significance determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey–Kramer correction, P < 0.05. *= significantly different from T0. ^= significantly different from value at 48 h. post-CLP without xanomeline

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