Fig. 1

Analysis workflow. A Overview of the included tissue samples we used to develop the ProstaTrend-ffpe signature. Shown are the number of patients included in the study and reasons for exclusion. For 185 patients, we performed a strand-specific transcriptome-wide sequencing from FFPE biopsy tissue. A total of six samples did not meet the quality criteria for RNA-Seq data. In addition, we excluded three samples due to missing clinical follow-up data. The final cohort included 176 patients, for 75 of whom BCR was observed within the follow-up time. FFPE formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded, PCa prostate cancer, DoD death of disease, BCR biochemical recurrence. B For the development of the PCa single-cell atlas, we used scRNA-Seq data of PCa patients from 5 publicly available studies (Chen et al. 2021; Dong et al. 2020; Ma et al. 2020; Song et al. 2022; Tuong et al. 2021). Spatial transcriptomics data of a human PCa biopsy (GS = 3 + 4) were downloaded from the 10× Genomics database. C The prognostic value of the Transcriptomic Risk Scores (TRS) using ProstaTrend(-ffpe) was evaluated by survival analyses in 9 publicly available cohorts (Li et al. 2020; Fraser et al. 2017; Luca et al. 2018; Long et al. 2014; Gerhauser et al. 2018; Jain et al. 2018; Ross-Adams et al. 2015; Taylor et al. 2010) and a meta-analysis with a total of 13 cohorts