Fig. 1
Administration of fluvoxamine attenuates T1D progression in NOD mice and preserves pancreatic insulin production. A Schematic diagram for in vivo experiments to determine the effect of fluvoxamine on T1D in NOD mice. B The incidence of diabetes in fluvoxamine-treated and vehicle-treated NOD mice (n = 20/group). C Insulitis was examined and D Insulitis scores in 12-week-old prediabetic fluvoxamine- and vehicle-treated NOD mice. E Immunohistochemical staining of CD4 in pancreatic sections of NOD mice at 12-week-old age. F Representative results of insulin immunostaining in the pancreas and G quantification of insulin positive areas in mice after fluvoxamine treatment or vehicle. The protein levels of H insulin, I IFN-γ, J IL-17A, K IL-1β and L TNF-α were detected by ELISA assays, respectively. Five mice per group were sacrificed at the same time point. Diabetes incidence was compared by log-rank test; differences in insulitis score was determined by χ2 test; in other figure parts statistical difference was analysed by unpaired Student’s t test. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ns, not significant