Fig. 3

Fluvoxamine decreased the population of Th1 and Th17 cells in the PLNs, spleen, pancreas and peripheral blood. A–C PLN and splenic cells from 12-week-old fluvoxamine-treated and vehicle-treated mice were harvested and subject to flow cytometry analysis. Frequencies of A CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ (Th1), B CD4⁺IL-17A⁺ (Th17), and C CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ (Treg) subsets were examined. D–F Blood from the mouse tail vein were collected and subjected to flow cytometry analysis. Frequencies of D Th1, E Th17, and F Treg subsets are shown as representative dot plot graphs. G, H Flow cytometry analysis of pancreatic cells from 12-week-old fluvoxamine-treated and vehicle-treated mice. Representative flow cytometry plots and frequencies of G Th1 and H Th17 effector T cells (n = 5 per group). I–K CD4⁺ T cells from peripheral blood of newly onset diabetic T1D subjects were stimulated with fluvoxamine or vehicle for 48 h, and the ratio of subtypes in CD4⁺ T cells were measured by flow cytometry. The cell frequency of I Th1 and J Th17 as well as K Treg cells was determined. The frequency of T cell subsets was investigated in ten donors. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was calculated by unpaired Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ns, not significant