Fig. 6

Fluvoxamine inhibits glycolysis of CD4⁺ T cells. A A heatmap shows the differentially expressed genes relevant to glycolysis between fluvoxamine- and vehicle-treated CD4⁺ T cells. The data were derived from 3 independent biological replicates. B CD4⁺ T cells were cultured with different concentration of fluvoxamine for 24 h in vitro and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) was analyzed by an extracellular flux analyzer. C Glycolysis and glycolytic capacity in CD4⁺ T cells were determined with different dose of fluvoxamine treatment. D–J Real-time PCR analysis and Western blotting were performed to measure the expression of genes in the glycolysis pathway (Hk2, Pgk1, Eno1, Glut1, Pkm2 and Ldha) in CD4⁺ T cells with/without fluvoxamine treatment. Each dot represents the mean of three biological replicates. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was calculated by unpaired Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ns, not significant. Statistical difference in C was analyzed by one-way ANOVA