Fig. 2

Artemisinin attenuates oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region of T2DM mice. T2DM mice were treated with artemisinin (Art, 40 mg/kg/d, i.p.) for 4 consecutive weeks. A–C ROS, MDA, and GSH concentrations in the hippocampal CA1 area were detected using assay kits. D Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of mitochondrial morphology (normal mitochondria are indicated with red arrows, and shrunken and broken mitochondria are indicated with yellow arrows) in the hippocampal CA1 area of the mice. Scale bar, 500 nm. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 4 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001