Fig. 4

ML385 or erastin treatment abolishes the inhibitory effect of Art on neuronal ferroptosis in the hippocampus. T2DM mice were coadministered artemisinin (Art, 40 mg/kg/d, i.p.) and ML385 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or erastin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 4 consecutive weeks. A Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of mitochondrial morphology (normal mitochondria are indicated with red arrows, and shrunken and broken mitochondria are indicated with yellow arrows) in the hippocampal CA1 area of the mice. Scale bar, 500 nm. B–E ROS, MDA, GSH, and Fe²⁺ contents in the hippocampal CA1 area were detected using assay kits. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 4 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001