Fig. 8

ISO prevents OVX-induced bone mass loss in vivo. A Flow chart representing the study design protocol to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ISO on OVX rats. B Representative images were acquired using micro-CT of femoral structures of different groups are shown. C–G Quantitative analyses of bone structural parameters: BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp, Tb.N, and BMD. Values were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 10); H Representative image of H&E staining. The OVX group showed significant bone destruction, while ISO treatment significantly ameliorated OVX-induced bone loss. Scale bar = 200 μm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. BV/TV, bone volume/tissue volume; Tb.Th, trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp, trabecular separation; Tb.N, trabecular number; BMD, bone mineral density