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Figure 2 | Molecular Medicine

Figure 2

From: Reduced Peripheral PGE2 Biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Occurs through Hemozoin-Induced Suppression of Blood Mononuclear Cell Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expression via an Interleukin-10-Independent Mechanism

Figure 2

Temporal effect of hemozoin on PGE2 production. A: PBMCs (1 × 106 cells/mL) were stimulated with media alone, LPS (100 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (200 U/mL), and LPS and IFN-γ in the presence of hemozoin (10, 1.0, and 0.1 µg/mL) or an RBC lysate (10 µg/mL). Supernatants were removed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h for PGE2 determination. Values are the mean ± SEM and are representative of three independent experiments. Statistical significance determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. *P < 0.05 compared with control (media alone), **P < 0.01 compared with stimulated conditions. B: Temporal effect of hemozoin on cell viability. PBMCs (1 × 106 cells/mL) were stimulated with media alone (solid gray line), LPS (100 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (200 U/mL) (dashed gray line), and LPS and IFN-γ in the presence of hemozoin (10 µg/mL, solid black line). Cell bioactivity was determined by the MTT assay at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Values are the mean ± SEM, n = 3. Statistical significance was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. *P < 0.05.

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Molecular Medicine

ISSN: 1528-3658