Figure 4
From: Zinc Inhibits Astrocyte Glutamate Uptake by Activation of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1
Zn2+ affects astrocyte energy status in a PARP-1-dependent manner. (A) Astrocytes were exposed for 30 min to Zn2+ at the designated concentrations, and the levels of ATP and ADP were assessed immediately (zero hours), one hour, or three hours after zinc removal. Data points are means of three independent experiments (n = 3), each with measurements from two to three culture wells. *P< 0.05 versus controls. (B) Wild-type and PARP-1-deficient (PARP-1−/−) astrocytes were exposed for 30 min to Zn2+ at the designated concentrations and the levels of ATP and ADP were assessed immediately (zero hours), one hour, or three hours after zinc removal. Data points are means of four independent experiments (n = 4), each with measurements from two culture wells. *P< 0.05 versus wild-type astrocyte. (C) Zinc-induced changes in ATP / ADP ratio were also blocked in the PARP-1−/− cells. Data points are means of three independent experiments (n = 3), each with measurements from two culture wells. *P< 0.05 versus wild-type astrocyte.