Table 1 Mediators of immune cells and adipocytes involved in the regulation of insulin resistance.
From: Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Regulation of Insulin Resistance
Cytokines and chemokines | Adipocytokines | Transcription factors | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
TNF-α (5,6) | Adiponectin (33,36,42) | NF-κB/IKKβ (74,77,78) | Osteopontin (104) |
IL-1α/β (12,14) | Leptin (48-50) | JNK-1 (79,80) | SAA (127) |
Gp130 family (IL-6, CNTF) (18,19,24) | Resistin (55,56,59) | PPARγ (84,86) | CRP (96,99,101) |
IL-10 (128,129) | PBEF/nampt/visfatin (61-64) | SREBP-1c (92-95) | FABP-4 (102,103) |
IL-18 (27-29) | RBP-4 (68,70) | LXR (87,89-91) | Oxidative stress (108-110) |
MCP-1 (30,32) | Â | Â | ER stress (82,83) |
MIP-1α/β (130) |  |  | iNOS (107) |
RANTES (131) | Â | Â | E-selectin (132,133) |
| Â | Â | Â | P-selectin (134) |
| Â | Â | Â | ICAM-1 (132,135) |
| Â | Â | Â | VCAM-1 (107,132) |
| Â | Â | Â | TLR-4 (136,137) |
| Â | Â | Â | PKC-theta (105) |