Table 1 Toll-like receptors and their known ligands

1

Triacyl lipoproteins (126)

2

Lipoproteins (127)

Peptidoglycan (128,129)

Lipoteichoic acid (128)

Zymosan (130,131)

Heat shock proteins (132,133)

3

Double stranded RNA (134)

4

LPS (37,135)

Taxol (136) Heat shock proteins (132,137,138)

Fibronectin (139)

Hyaluronic Acid (140)

Heparan Sulfate (141)

Fibrinogen (142)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein (106)

Murine Retroviral Envelope Protein (143)

5

Flagellin (58)

6

Diacyl Lipopeptides (144)

Lipoteichoic acid (131)

Zymosan (131)

7

Single-stranded RNA (145,146)

Imidazoquinoline (59)

8

Single-stranded RNA (146)

Imidazoquinoline (147)

9

Bacterial (demethylated CpG) DNA (148)

10

Unknown

11

Profilin (149)

Uropathogenic Bacteria (114)