Table 2 A summary of known damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Heat shock proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70, Gp96) (132,133,138)

Proteoglycan (128,129)

Fibrinogen (142)

Lipoteichoic acid (128)

Surfactant Protein-A (150)

Lipoproteins (126,127,144)

Fibronectin extra domain A (139)

Zymosan (130,131)

Heparan Sulfate (141)

Microbial Hsp (132,137,138)

Soluble Hyaluronan (140)

Viral ds RNA, ss RNA, synthetic poly I:C (134,145,146)

β-defensin 2 (151)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (135,152)

High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) (153)

Plant derivatives (Taxol) (136)

Messenger RNA (mRNA) (154)

Viral proteins (106,143)

Self DNA (155)

Flagellin (58)

Uric Acid (156)

Bacterial DNA (148)

Profilin (149)