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Table 3 The expression of Toll-like receptors within the gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and urinary mucosa.

From: No Longer an Innocent Bystander: Epithelial Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in the Development of Mucosal Inflammation

 

Intestinal Epithelium

Pulmonary Epithelium

Urothelium

 

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Airway

Renal Epithelium

Ureter and Bladder Epithelium

TLR1

RNA (157)

RNA (158,159)

RNA (99,160–163)

RNA (110)

Not determined

TLR2

RNA (81,164)

RNA (80,88,158, 159,165,166)

RNA (99,100,160–163, 167,168)

RNA (110,112)

RNA (171)

 

Protein (81,165)

Protein (158,165)

Protein (160,167,169)

Protein (170)

 

TLR3

Protein (75,81)

RNA (158, 165)

RNA (160–162)

RNA (110,171)

RNA (171)

  

Protein (75)

Protein (172)

  

TLR4

RNA (32,33,81)

RNA (33,74,79,80,88,165,166)

RNA (99,100,160–162,168,175)

RNA (110,112)

RNA (171)

 

Protein (27,32,75,80,81,173,174)

Protein (75,79,88,158)

Protein (160,175)

Protein (111,112,176)

Protein (176)

TLR5

Protein (173)

RNA (74,166)

RNA (160–163)

RNA (16,171)

RNA (16,171)

  

Protein (75)

Protein (160,163,169)

  

TLR6

Not determined

RNA (158,159)

RNA (99,160–163)

RNA (110)

Not determined

TLR7

RNA (177)

RNA (158)

RNA (160)

Absent (178)

Not determined

TLR8

Absent (177)

RNA (158)

RNA (160)

Absent (180)

Not determined

   

Protein (179)

  

TLR9

Protein (181,182)

RNA (158,183)

RNA (160,162)

Neg (110,184)

Not determined

TLR10

Not determined

Absent (158,185)

RNA (160)

Not determined

Not determined

TLR11

Not determined

Not determined

RNA (160)

RNA (114)

RNA (114)

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Molecular Medicine

ISSN: 1528-3658