Category | Depressed episode | Manic episode | |
---|---|---|---|
Psychopathology | |||
Mood | dysphoric, despair, anxiety | expansive, exuberant, irritable | |
Drive | impaired: | increased: | |
- most of the time in bed | - seeking contacts | ||
- social withdrawal | - loss of inhibition | ||
- neglected personal hygiene | - unnecessary purchases | ||
- reduced self-care | - booking of travels | ||
Thought process | brooding, difficulty making decisions, slowed thinking | logorrhea, distractibility, poor concentration, racing thoughts | |
Suicidality Gestures and mimic | passive death wishes mask-like face and slow limb movements oculomotoric decreased sad appearing withdrawn | joie de vivre (“Lebensfreude”) rich in gestures and facial expression oculomotoric increased searching for eye contact and attention | |
Voice | low pitched, monotonous | high pitched, melodious | |
Handwriting | jittery and slow | orthographic mistakes and corrections | |
Dotting | moderately impaired | normal | |
Tapping | moderately impaired | moderately impaired | |
HAM-Da | range between 31 and 38 | range between 3 and 4 | |
BDIb | range between 44 and 52 | range between 3 and 5 | |
YMRSc | range between 1 and 3 | range between 21 and 24 | |
PANSSd | range between 84 and 92 | range between 40 and 41 | |
Autonomic and physical signs | |||
Sleep | increased requirement for sleep and daytime in bed | reduced requirement for sleep and disrupted sleep | |
Appetite | decreased | increased | |
Weight | decreased | increased | |
Libido | absent | increased | |
Allergy | no allergies | susceptibility to allergies | |
Edema | no edema | edema on lower extremities | |
Neuropsychology | |||
Short-term memory | mildly impaired | mildly impaired | |
Long-term memory | normal | normal | |
Working memory | moderately impaired | severely impaired | |
Semantic fluency | moderately impaired | normal | |
Executive functions | moderately impaired | severely impaired | |
Psychomotor speed | moderately impaired | moderately impaired |