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Table 1 Psychopathology, physical signs and neuropsychological test results (before celecoxib).

From: Episode-Specific Differential Gene Expression of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Rapid Cycling Supports Novel Treatment Approaches

Category

Depressed episode

Manic episode

Psychopathology

  
 

Mood

dysphoric, despair, anxiety

expansive, exuberant, irritable

 

Drive

impaired:

increased:

  

- most of the time in bed

- seeking contacts

  

- social withdrawal

- loss of inhibition

  

- neglected personal hygiene

- unnecessary purchases

  

- reduced self-care

- booking of travels

 

Thought process

brooding, difficulty making decisions, slowed thinking

logorrhea, distractibility, poor concentration, racing thoughts

 

Suicidality Gestures and mimic

passive death wishes mask-like face and slow limb movements oculomotoric decreased sad appearing withdrawn

joie de vivre (“Lebensfreude”) rich in gestures and facial expression oculomotoric increased searching for eye contact and attention

 

Voice

low pitched, monotonous

high pitched, melodious

 

Handwriting

jittery and slow

orthographic mistakes and corrections

 

Dotting

moderately impaired

normal

 

Tapping

moderately impaired

moderately impaired

 

HAM-Da

range between 31 and 38

range between 3 and 4

 

BDIb

range between 44 and 52

range between 3 and 5

 

YMRSc

range between 1 and 3

range between 21 and 24

 

PANSSd

range between 84 and 92

range between 40 and 41

Autonomic and physical signs

  
 

Sleep

increased requirement for sleep and daytime in bed

reduced requirement for sleep and disrupted sleep

 

Appetite

decreased

increased

 

Weight

decreased

increased

 

Libido

absent

increased

 

Allergy

no allergies

susceptibility to allergies

 

Edema

no edema

edema on lower extremities

Neuropsychology

  
 

Short-term memory

mildly impaired

mildly impaired

 

Long-term memory

normal

normal

 

Working memory

moderately impaired

severely impaired

 

Semantic fluency

moderately impaired

normal

 

Executive functions

moderately impaired

severely impaired

 

Psychomotor speed

moderately impaired

moderately impaired

  1. aHamilton Depression Rating Scale.
  2. bBeck Depression Inventory
  3. cYoung Mania Rating Scale.
  4. dPositive and Negative Syndrome Scale.