Figure 2

Nicotine attenuates ricin-mediated increase in serum TNF-α levels. Exposure of mice to ricin (50 µg/kg) for 14 h increased serum TNF-α levels, an effect reduced by nicotine (0.4 µg/kg) treatment. Nicotine alone had no effect on serum cytokine levels. Results are mean ± SEM (n = 10), **P< 0.01 versus vehicle treated mice, ^††P< 0.01 versus ricin treated mice.