Table 1 Major clinical trials (completed and/or are ongoing) and their main efficacy results with each drug category.^a

EGFR

Gefitinib (ll)

Rec GBM; PFS-6: 13–14.3%, mOS: 24.6-39.4 weeks

16,17

Erlotinib + TMZ (l)

Rec GBM; mOS: 55 weeks

19,20

Cetuximab (ll)

Ongoing

—

PDGFR

Imatinib ± hydr/rea (ll)

Rec GBM; PFS-6: 3%, mPFS: 14.4 weeks, mOS: 48.9 weeks. Rec AAs; PFS-6: 10%

25,26

VEGFR

Bevacizumab + lRl (ll)

Rec GBM; RR: 63%, PFS-6: 38%-46%, PR: 57%

29,30

mTOR

Vatalanib (l/ll)

Rec GBM; PR: 4%, stable disease: 56%

32

Temsirolimus (ll)

Rec GBM; PFS-6: 7.8%, mOS: 44 months

37

Tems. + erlotinib (l/ll)

Ongoing

—

RAS

Tipifarnib (ll)

Rec GBM; PFS-6: 33%

40

Tipifarnib + TMZ (I)

Rec GBM; PFS-6: 12%

41

PKC-b

Enzastaurin vs lomustine (lll)

Terminated because of equal efficacy results

45

RAF

Sorafenib (l/ll)

Ongoing

—

EGFR/HER-2

Lapatinib (ll)

Ongoing

—

HER-1/EGFR

¹²⁵I-MAb 425 (l/ll)

Rec GBM/AAs; OS range: 4–150/4–270 months

47

Tenascin-C

¹³¹I-81C6 (ll)

Rec GBM; mOS: 78 weeks

49

Integrins

Cilengitide (I/II)

Rec MGs; CR: 4%, PR: 6%, stable disease: 8%

55

Cilengitide + RT (ll)

Ongoing

—