Figure 4

HMGB1 and LPS induce distinct cytokine release profiles in macrophage cultures. Primary peritoneal macrophages (MuMAcs) were stimulated with HMGB1 (+HMGB1,1.0 µg/mL) or LPS (+LPS, 100 ng/mL) for 16 h, and levels of various cytokines in the culture medium were determined by cytokine antibody arrays. (A) Representative cytokine antibody arrays. (B) Relative cytokine levels. The optical intensities (AU) for each pair of cytokine spots were determined using a Gel & Graph Digitizing Software, and expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments (n = 3). ^*P < 0.05 versus HMGB1 group (+HMGB1).