Figure 1

AChE modulations in poststroke patients. (A) The inflammation score and (B) the cholinergic score for each of the stroke patients against that for the matched control. Reference lines represent x = Y Pairs above the line showed positive differences between patients and controls and vice versa. Note that comparison of A to B displays superiority of the cholinergic over the inflammatory biomarkers in distinguishing stroke patients from control subjects. (C) Linear Discriminative Analysis (LDA) based on cholinergic parameters. Note clear separation of stroke patients and controls to two groups. The axes are the discriminative functions of total acetylthiocholine hydrolytic activity (F1, y axis) and AChE activity (F2, x axis). (D) Histogram of poststroke AChE reductions segregate patients (green) from controls (red) and survivors from nonsurvivors (purple). (E) Tissue sources expressing AChE include blood leukocytes. Shown are the results of microarray tests presenting the exonic expression of the AChE gene, located on the reverse genomic strand of chromosome No 7. The corresponding HG-U133_PLUS_2 probe set ID: AChE — 205377_S_AT numbers are noted from right to left and known genomic annotations (found by ensemble (http://www.ensemblestudios.com)) are marked. Bar graph: Tissues and cell types with highest expression levels of the human AChE gene. Total signal intensity of AChE mRNA exons was measured by Affymetrix exon arrays (human s_t v1) sample data sets in selected tissues (raw data downloaded from www.affymetrix.com and normalized using the Affymetrix expression console tool with PLIER algorithm). Inset: whole blood and lymph node data adopted from GeneCards’ GNF SymAtlas (Human GeneAtlas GNF1H, v1.2., Build 20080303-1059, developed by the Bioinformatics Team at GNF (http://symatlas.gnf.org) and normalized by gcRMA). Note prominent logarithmically normalized values in nucleated blood cells and that probe sets interrogating the constitutive exons 2 and 3 are labeled at considerably higher levels than other exons.