Table 3 Protective action of adiponectin in chronic hepatitis against fibrosis, inflammation and steatosis.
Fibrosis | Inflammation | Steatosis |
|---|---|---|
Decrease of TGFβ synthesis Suppression of connective tissue growth factor expression Inhibition of α-smooth muscle actin expression Suppression of platelet-derived growth factor-mediated HSCs’ proliferation and migration Stimulation of HSCs’ apoptosis | Inhibition of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 production Induction of IL-10 synthesis in Kupffer cells Promotion of apoptosis debris clearance | Stimulation of FFA oxidation and decrease of FFA synthesis Activation of PPARα Downregulation of SREBP-1c synthesis Inhibition of de novo lipogenesis |
Inhibition of Kupffer cells Decrease of TNFα synthesis Suppression of NF-κB activity Suppression of hepatocyte death | ||
Improvement of insulin sensitivity Inhibition of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production Activation of AMPK |