From: A Paradoxical Role for Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Sepsis and Trauma
Pathologic process | Mechanism/function | Reference(s) | |
---|---|---|---|
Upregulated MDSC function | |||
Arginase (ARG) | Cancer | l-arginine depletion and NO scavenging | |
Inducible nitric oxide synthetase | Cancer | l-arginine depletion and bactericidal | |
NADPH oxidase | Cancer | ROS/RNS production, nitrosylation of TCR, and bactericidal | |
M-CSF R (CD115) | Cancer | Associated with suppressive activity | |
IL-4rα (CD124) | Cancer | Th2 skewing and associated with suppressive activity | |
Proinflammatory cytokines | |||
IL-1β | Cancer | Inflammation | (61) |
TNF-α | Cancer, Sepsis | Inflammation | |
LTA4H | Cancer | Inflammation | (27) |
MIP-1β | Sepsis | Inflammation; chemokine | (12) |
CXCL10 | Cancer | Inflammation; chemokine | (61) |
RANTES | Sepsis | Inflammation; chemokine | (12) |
T-helper cell 2 skewing/antiinflammatory cytokines | |||
IL-10 | Sepsis | Antiinflammatory; inhibits T-cell responses; causes TRC expansion | (12) |
IL-13 | Cancer | Th2-polarizing cytokine | (9) |
Immunosuppression | |||
Direct antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell anergy | Cancer | MHC restricted dissociation of CD3ζ/TCR signaling | (25) |
Indirect antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell anergy | Cancer | ARG, ROS, iNOS | |
Indirect antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell anergy | Cancer | ARG | |
TRC expansion | Cancer | CD40, IL-10 | (62) |
Suppression of graft-versus-host disease | Cancer | IL-10 and TCR activation | (63) |
Protection against infection | |||
Protection against primary infection | Sepsis | Regulation of innate inflammation | (28) |
Protection against secondary infection | Burn | Increases PMNs and inflammatory monocytes | (30) |