Figure 2
From: S1P Is Associated with Protection in Human and Experimental Cerebral Malaria
Modulating S1P levels improves survival in mice with P. berghei ANKA-induced ECM. (A) Survival (left panel) is improved, while parasite burden remains unchanged (right panel), in mice with decreased S1PL activity in P. berghei ANKA-induced ECM. Survival of hS1PL−/− mice infected with 1 × 106 parasites i.p. was compared to their wild-type litter-mates. Decreased S1PL activity (resulting in increased bioavailable S1P) provided a significant survival advantage compared with control animals (two pooled independent experiments (IE), n = 10/group/IE, LRt, P < 0.0001). (B,C,D) Mice were infected with 1 × 106 parasites i.p., and treated daily by gavage with FTY720 (0.3 mg/kg). Treatment with FTY720 provided a significant survival advantage if administered (B) 1 d prior to (two pooled IE, n ≥ 10/group/IE, LRt, P < 0.0001), (C) 1 d p.i. (three pooled IE, n ≥ 10/group/IE, LRt, P < 0.05) or (D) 5 d p.i. in combination with a single dose of artesunate administered on d 5 of infection (five pooled IE, n ≥ 10/group/IE, FEt, P = 0.05). Parasite burden remain unchanged between groups for all these experiments (right panels).